Yuan Dynasty

The Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368) was a unified Mongolian dynasty that set up the capital city of Dadu (present-day Beijing) and passed down five generations and eleven emperors for ninety-eight years. It began in 1206, when Genghis Khan established the Mongol Khanate. The history of the Yuan dynasty is part of China's history, but there is no doubt that China was lost during the Yuan dynasty. The Yuan dynasty was a great tragedy in Chinese history, and the source of the decline of Chinese culture can be traced back to the rule of the Yuan and Mongols.

The full name of the Mongolian language is "Great Yuan and Great Mongolia". In the 24 histories of China and the temples of the emperors, the Mongolian Khanate was founded by Genghis Khan in 1206, and the Mongolian dynasty was included in the Yuan dynasty until the flight of Emperor Yuan Shun from the capital in 1368. The Mongol Empire, the Yuan Dynasty and the Northern Yuan all had a continuous succession of three periods.

The history of the Yuan dynasty can usually be divided into two to three stages: ① in 1206, the first emperor of the Yuan dynasty, Temujin, unified Mongolia, the establishment of the country in the Mongolian grasslands in the desert, set the name of the "Great Mongolian Empire"; to 1271, the first emperor of the Yuan dynasty, Kublai Khan, built the capital of the Han Dynasty, changed the name of the country to Danyuan, a total of 65 years, known as the Great Mongolian period, also known as the Mongolian Empire. ② Yuan Shizhu Kublai set the capital of Han, 1271 changed the name of the state to Da Yuan, until the death of Yuan Huizong in 1368, a total of 97 years, is strictly Yuan dynasty history; ③ after the death of Yuan Huizong still to Da Yuan for the state, until 1402, the ghost of the force of red to kill the Shuntian Emperor Kun Timur to the state (a said 1388 Tianyuan Emperor Tugu Si Timur was also killed after the state to the name). It was called the Northern Yuan period. It was called Mongolia after the de-nomenclature, and Tartar by the Ming Court.

In 1206, after Genghis Khan unified the Desert North and established the Mongol Empire, he began to expand abroad and conquered Western Liao, Western Xia (August 1227), Hualazi Mo, Eastern Xia, Jin (March 1234) and other countries, and gained control of North China and the Loess Plateau region. At the same time, the great Mongolian state continued to expand in the west, launching three western expeditions, forming a state that dominated the Eurasian continent and was known in Europe as the Mongol Empire. In 1260, Kublai Khan was proclaimed the Great Khan of Mongolia, and was called Xue Chan Khan, or Yuan Shizuzu in Chinese. Kublai Khan was named Xue Chan Khan, known as Yuan Shizu in Chinese, and established the Yuan "Zhong Tong", which means "Central Plains Orthodoxy". Kublai Khan finally won in 1264 and the Mongolian Empire was split, prompting the four Mongolian khanates to establish themselves one after another. Kublai Khan's succession to the title of "Mongolian Great Khan" was not unanimously recognized by the Mongolian tribes.